C. both the Senate and House in joint session Nixons actions exemplified his belief that a president could conduct foreign affairs without Congressional, press or public knowledge. For example, when George Washingtons forces retreated from New York City in 1776, Washington wanted to burn the city to deny shelter to the British; Congress directed that no damage be done in the retreatan order Washington resented but followed (although shortly afterward a fire of unknown origin destroyed most of the city). C. had a congressional success rate of more than 80 percent. 2023 National Constitution Center. Further, Congress has a long history of regulating the military, including the articles of war (precursor of the modern Uniform Code of Military Justice) enacted in the immediate post-ratification period. C. White House Office. C. the U.S. government's small role in world affairs A. national leadership 24. Presumably this power arises from the Commander in Chief Clause, read to convey independent substantive power to the President to direct the military on matters not related to war initiation. A. Having a single executive could lead to tyranny due to the fact that they would not have to check with other powers and could use all of the power to themselves. The Supreme Court, in ruling in 1974 that Nixon had to release White House tape recordings that revealed his actions on Watergate, reined in presidential powers and reasserted the influence of the judiciary. E. the people, in a runoff election, 15. B. hold a single primary for presidential candidates from each major party. C. of the need to coordinate national economic policy and foreign policy, a task to which the presidency was well suited. . An opposing view, developed by Professor Saikrishna Prakash in a series of articles and an important 2015 book on executive power, sees Congress as having complete power over the military through various clauses of Article I, Section 8, with the Presidents substantive command authority operating only where Congress has not provided specific direction. But because Congress has only specified military powers, military matters not within Congresss military powers necessarily are sole powers of the President as Commander in Chief. D. He cast aside the stewardship theory in favor of the Whig theory. B. whether circumstances favor strong presidential leadership. D. Andrew Jackson The War Powers Act was enacted in order to He knew that if he responded ineffectually, domestic opponents would attack him for setting back the nations security, and allies abroad would doubt his resolve to meet Soviet threats to their safety. To counter perceptions of poor leadership, the White House issued a statement saying, President Kennedy has stated from the beginning that as President he bears sole responsibility. The president himself declared, Im the responsible officer of the Government. In response, the country rallied to his side: two weeks after the debacle, 61 percent of the respondents to an opinion survey said that they backed the presidents handling [of] the situation in Cuba, and his overall approval rating was 83 percent. A more difficult question is how much authority the Clause gives the President beyond operations approved by Congress. 21. 5. B. How many presidents have been impeached in U.S. history? . D. Al Gore received 550,000 more votes nationally than Ralph Nader. A. guide the military in its use of force in field situations where it is impractical to seek direction from the president. But, they are in a position to make suggestions and push forward on important campaign issues. Although the missile gap would prove a chimera based on inflated missile counts, the Soviets contest with the United States for ideological primacy remained quite real. For Kennedy, the Presidency offered the chance to exercise executive power. A. the inability of the president to influence the legislative priorities of Congress, even though the party in power pays lip-service to the president's agenda Hamiltons view accords with criticisms of the pre-1787 design of government. E. None of these answers is correct. 48. C. House and Senate in a joint session. Thus, for example, rules regarding how prisoners are to be treated, whether civilians may be targeted and how intelligence may be gathered by the military seem fully within Congresss enumerated power. In the ensuing unrest, four students at Kent State University in Ohio and two at Jackson State University in Mississippi were fatally shot by National Guard troops and police, respectively. 49. But can Congress itself direct how the President exercises that command by requiring or prohibiting certain military actions? D. George W. Bush He told New York Times columnist Arthur Krock that United States troops should not be involved on the Asian mainland.The United States cant interfere in civil disturbances, and it is hard to prove that this wasnt the situation in Vietnam. He told Arthur Schlesinger that sending troops to Vietnam would become an open-ended business: Its like taking a drink. E. Ralph Nader received 3 percent of the popular vote, E. Ralph Nader received 3 percent of the popular vote. 25. D. have expanded in practice to be more powerful than the writers of the Constitution intended. Which of the following happened in the presidential election of 2000? During his 1968 presidential campaign, he had secretly advised South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu to resist peace overtures until after the U.S. election in the hope of getting a better deal under a Nixon administration. C. 1968 D. IV Congress can no more interfere with the Presidents conduct of the interrogation of enemy combatants than it can dictate strategic or tactical decisions on the battlefield. B. In sum, the President exercises command authority subject to general rules passed by Congress pursuant to Congresss constitutional military powers. the common strength by a single person. Ooops. 1948 So construed, the Calling Forth Clause undermines the ever-more-visible arguments in favor of strong and unilateral domestic presidential war powers. A. Texas Cookie Policy C. He rejected the idea of the "strong presidency". C. define the relationship between the United States and its allies. C. office in which power is conditional, depending on whether the political support that gives force to presidential leadership exists or can be developed. Naval Academy at Annapolis, graduating in 1946. S ince the founding of this republic there has been debate about the proper scope of the executive branch. How does the structure of the government help prevent tyranny? 1789 E. Jimmy Carter. B. B. When he pulls his ear lobe and rubs his chin, he is telling the truth. C. statesmanship in foreign affairs 23. Domestic Affairs. Although the people continued to esteem Eisenhower himselfhis popularity was between 58 percent and 68 percent in his last year in officethey blamed his administration for allowing the Soviets to develop a dangerous advantage over the United States. Being president provided powers to make a difference in world affairsthe arena in which he felt most comfortablethat no senator could ever hope to achieve. 40. If the United States undertakes military operations, either by authorization from Congress or under the Presidents independent powers, the Constitution makes the President Commander in Chief of all U.S. military forces, and Congress cannot give command to any other person. 10. C. the president's ability to come up with good ideas. B. after reelection to a second term. D. George W. Bush If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. But he also worried that a first strike against the Soviet installations in Cuba would turn peace advocates everywhere against the United States. Almost always, the focus has been on the veto power, and questions have cen-tered on how much leverage this gives presidents to shape legislative outcomes. On October 16, 1962while his administration was gathering intelligence on the new threat, but before making it publiche betrayed a hint of his isolation by reciting, during a speech to journalists at the State Department, a version of a rhyme by a bullfighter named Domingo Ortega: Bullfight critics row on row Crowd the enormous plaza de toros But only one is there who knows And hes the one who fights the bull. D. should provide strong leadership in the area of foreign policy but not in domestic policy. These cases indicate that the independent authority conveyed to the President by the Clause generally does not extend to interference with the rights and duties of U.S. civilians, at least outside the battlefield. C. Maine and Nebraska. Which one of the following did NOT serve as a state governor prior to being president? 11. 27 febrero, 2023 . He also argues that a single executive is less dangerous to democracy than a council, because it is easier to identify and remove one corrupt person than to discover who among several leaders is a bad actor. D. 1984 B. the support of the party's organizational leaders. D. limit the president's war-making power. It was a miscalculation that would cripple his presidency. Powers expressly granted to the president under Article II of the Constitution. During 2006, the year before Democrats took back control of Congress, George W. Bush C. They will only be binding if reviewed and approved by both houses of Congress. 74 likely had this problem in mind in calling for directing . Such a limitation on the command power, written at a time when the militia rather than a standing army was contemplated as the military weapon of the Republic, underscores the Constitutions policy that Congress, not the Executive, should control utilization of the war power as an instrument of domestic policy. He sought to act only within the confines of expressly-granted constitutional authority. For the past 50 years, the commander in chief has steadily expanded presidential power, particularly in foreign policy, Fifty Januaries ago, under a pallid sun and amid bitter winds, John F. Kennedy swore the oath that every president had taken since 1789 and then delivered one of the most memorable inaugural addresses in the American canon. 29. D. Warren Harding. In fact, since 1792, Congress has provided specific statutory authorization for military deployments in the cases contemplated by the Calling Forth Clause, first through the militia (which President Washington called forth to help put down the Whiskey Rebellion) and subsequently through the regular federal army (as the unreliability of the militia became increasingly clear). A. guide the military in its use of force in field situations where it is to. 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